1. 1

   The universe, with its bodies and states, is originated after non-existence, as shown by its change and its acceptance of increase and decrease.

2. 2

   Every originated thing needs a cause to bring it from non-existence into existence, since its existence cannot outweigh its non-existence by itself.

3. 3

   An infinite regress of causes is rationally impossible, so it must terminate in a first Originator who is eternal and not Himself originated.

﴿أَمْ خُلِقُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخَالِقُونَ﴾

By rational necessity there exists an eternal Originator, preceded by no non-existence and independent of all else — God — the maker of every originated thing and the cause of every cause.