Ruling on tahur water heated by energy, by the sun, or by something impure

F25Chapter of WatersRevised

Ruling on tahur water heated by energy, by the sun, or by something impure

Is purification with water heated by energy, the sun, or something impure disliked or invalid?

Hanafi

Performing the ablution with heated water is permitted without any dislike, whether it was heated by fire or by the sun.

Reference: Al-Hidāyah — Radd al-Muḥtār — Marāqī al-Falāḥ

Maliki

Purification is valid without dislike using water heated by fire or by something impure, so long as the smoke of the impurity has not altered it; sun-heated water is disliked in hot lands, a dislike on medical grounds.

Reference: Al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr — Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī — Minaḥ al-Jalīl

Shāfiʿī

Purification with heated water is valid; sun-heated water in a beaten-metal vessel in a hot land is disliked when used on the body while still hot, and water heated by fire is not disliked even if the fuel is impure.

Reference: Minhāj al-Ṭālibīn — Al-Majmūʿ — Mughnī al-Muḥtāj

Hanbali

Purifying with water heated by something impure, or by the sun when it grows very hot, is disliked, yet hadath is validly removed with it.

Reference: Zād al-Mustaqniʿ — Kashshāf al-Qināʿ — Al-Inṣāf