Ruling on the Follower Reciting al-Fātiḥah Behind the imam in the Silent and the Audible Prayer
The four schools differ over whether the follower's recitation of al-Fātiḥah behind the imam is obligatory or disliked, according to the type of prayer — silent or audible.
Hanafi
Prohibitively disliked (makrūh taḥrīman) for the follower to recite Fatiha behind imam in both silent and loud prayers; imam's recitation suffices.
Reference: Al-Durr al-Mukhtār
Maliki
It is recommended for the follower to recite al-Fātiḥah in the silent prayer, and it is disliked in the audible one, even if he cannot hear the imam's recitation.
Reference: Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī
Shāfiʿī
Recitation of Al-Fatiha is an absolute obligation upon the follower in every rakʿah, silent or loud.
Reference: Al-Majmūʿ
Hanbali
Recommended in silent prayers and during imam's pauses in loud prayers; not obligatory. If the imam does not pause, he listens.
Reference: Kashshāf al-Qināʿ