Ruling on Deliberately Eating and Drinking While Fasting in Ramadan and What It Entails
What is the ruling on someone who deliberately eats or drinks during the day in Ramadan, and what does it entail of qadaʾ and kaffarah?
Whoever deliberately eats or drinks during the day in Ramadan without an excuse invalidates their fast, and they must perform qadaʾ and the major kaffarah (fasting two consecutive months or feeding sixty poor people).
Whoever deliberately and willingly eats or drinks in an obligatory fast (like Ramadan) invalidates their fast, and must perform qadaʾ and the severe kaffarah, along with the sin of violating the day.
Whoever deliberately eats or drinks during the day in Ramadan invalidates their fast and must perform qadaʾ; the kaffarah is not obligatory for deliberately eating and drinking, but only for sexual intercourse.
Whoever deliberately eats or drinks without an excuse during the day in Ramadan invalidates their fast and must make it up (qadaʾ) and refrain for the rest of the day; the kaffarah is not obligatory upon them, because it is specific to sexual intercourse.