The Times in Which Prayer Is Forbidden, and How Many They Are
What are the times in which prayer is forbidden, and how many are they in each school?
The forbidden times are three, prohibitively disliked: at sunrise until the sun has risen, at its zenith until it declines, and at its yellowing until it sets — except that day's ʿaṣr; and voluntary prayer is disliked after the fajr and the ʿaṣr prayers.
Voluntary prayer is prohibited at sunrise, at sunset, and during the Friday sermon; it is disliked after the fajr prayer until the sun has risen the height of a spear, and after the obligatory ʿaṣr until the maghrib is prayed.
The forbidden times are five: after the ṣubḥ prayer until the sun has risen the height of a spear, at the zenith except on Friday, after the ʿaṣr prayer until it sets, at sunrise, and at sunset; and the dislike applies to prayer that has no occasioning cause or whose cause comes after it, not to prayer whose cause precedes or accompanies it, such as a missed prayer, the eclipse prayer, and the greeting of the mosque.
The forbidden times are three in outline and five in detail: from the second (true) dawn until the sun has risen the height of a spear, at its standing still until it declines, and from the ʿaṣr prayer until it sets; in them it is permissible to make up obligatory prayers, to pray the two units of the circumambulation, and to repeat a prayer in congregation, and the sunnah of fajr before the obligatory prayer is excepted.